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Learning Guide To Design Patterns


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DesignPatterns๋กœ Pattern ์Šคํ„ฐ๋””๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ• ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, 23๊ฐœ์˜ Pattern๋“ค์„ navigate ํ•  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์—†์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฑ…์˜ Pattern๋“ค์€ Creational, Structural, Behavioral ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ์งˆ๋“ค์˜ Pattern๋“ค์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ• ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ๊ณต๋ถ€ ์ˆœ์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.

Pattern๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํ”์น˜ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, IteratorPattern์€ ์ข…์ข… CompositePattern ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ , ObserverPattern๊ณผ MediatorPattern๋“ค์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ, SingletonPattern์€ AbstractFactoryPattern์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค. Pattern๋“ค๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ• ๋•Œ์—, ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ ํŒจํ„ด๋“ค์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

DesignPatterns ์˜ ์ €์ž๋“ค์€ Pattern๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ด€๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ Pattern๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ navigation์ด ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฑ… ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋งŽ์€ ํŒจํ„ด๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจํ„ด๋“ค ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์— ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค Pattern๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจํ„ด๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๋Ÿฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ, DPSG๋Š” 23์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ pattern๋“ค์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šคํ„ฐ๋”” ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋“ค์€ ์Šคํ„ฐ๋”” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ์œ„ํ•œ navigation ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ navigation์€ ๋งค ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์Šคํ„ฐ๋”” ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ navigation์€ Pattern ์ดˆ์‹ฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ง€ํ˜œ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋” ๋„์™€์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ 23๊ฐœ์˜ Pattern๋“ค์„ ํ„ฐ๋“ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด navigation์€ ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ ์ฑ… ๋˜ํ•œ ํ™˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

DesignPatterns Navigation

Factory Method - Creational

FactoryMethodPattern ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ผ. ์ด ํŒจํ„ด์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจํ„ด๋“ค์— ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

Strategy - Behavioral

StrategyPattern ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฑ… ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ํŒจํ„ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ผ์ฐ ์•Œ์•„๋‘ ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Decorator - Structural

"skin" vs "guts" ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์€ StrategyPattern ์™€ DecoratorPattern ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Composite - Structural

CompositePattern์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, IteratorPattern, ChainOfResponsibilityPattern, InterpreterPattern, VisitorPattern ์—์„œ ์ข…์ข… ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค.

Iterator - Behavioral

IteratorPattern ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ, CompositePattern ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์—ฌ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Template Method - Behavioral

์•ž์—์„œ์˜ IteratorPattern ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ œ์ฝ”๋“œ์—์„œ์˜ "Traverse" ๋Š” TemplateMethodPattern ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ํŒจํ„ด์€ StrategyPattern ๊ณผ FactoryMethodPattern ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค.

Abstract Factory - Creational

AbstractFactoryPattern์€ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์‰ฌ์šด creational Pattern์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ํŒจํ„ด์€ ๋˜ํ•œ FactoryMethodPattern๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค€๋‹ค.

Builder - Creational

AbstractFactoryPattern ๊ณผ BuilderPattern ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ.

Singleton - Creational

SingletonPattern์€ ์ข…์ข… AbstractFactoryPattern ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. (Related Patterns ์ฐธ์กฐ)

Proxy - Structural

Proxy ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ object์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ access๋ฅผ control ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ผ. ์ด ํŒจํ„ด์€ ๋’ค์˜ AdapterPattern์„ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

Adapter - Structural

AdapterPattern์€ DecoratorPattern, ProxyPattern, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋’ค์— ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” BridgePattern์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต๋˜์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.

Bridge - Structural

์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•™์Šต์ž๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ BridgePattern์ด AdapterPattern ๊ณผ ProxyPattern ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

Mediator - Behavioral

ObserverPattern ๊ณผ Model-View-Controller (MVC) Design ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ MediatorPattern์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Observer - Behavioral

๊ณ ์ „์ ์ธ MVC Design ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ObserverPattern์— ์˜ํ•ด MediatorPattern ์ด ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ผ.

Chain of Responsibility - Behavioral

ObserverPattern ๊ณผ MediatorPattern ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ message์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ChainOfResponsibilityPattern ์˜ message handling ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต & ๋Œ€์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Memento - Behavioral

์ด Pattern์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ CommandPattern ์—์„œ undo ์™€ redo์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.

Command - Behavioral

CommandPattern ์€ ์•ž์˜ MediatorPattern ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ด์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

Prototype - Creational

์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ creational pattern ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. PrototypePattern ์€ ์ข…์ข… CommandPattern ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

State - Behavioral

object์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ StatePattern ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Visitor - Behavioral

VisitorPattern ์€ ์ข…์ข… CompositePattern ๊ณผ IteratorPattern ๋“ค๊ณผ ์กฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.

Flyweight - Structural

๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ Pattern์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ด Pattern์˜ ์ด์šฉ ์˜ˆ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ํŒจํ„ด์ธ InterpreterPattern ์—์„œ ์„œ์ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.

Interpreter - Behavioral

InterpreterPattern ์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด Pattern์€ FlyweightPattern ์™€ VisitorPattern ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค.

Facade - Structural

๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ์„ Pattern ์€ FacadePattern ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด Pattern์€ InterpreterPattern ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ œ์ฝ”๋“œ์™€ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, InterpreterPattern ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค.
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