~cpp cout << "Your final grade is " << setprecision(3) << 0.2 * midterm + 0.4 * final + 0.4 * median << setprecision(prec) << endl;이렇게 생겼다. 둘째줄의 등급 계산하는 부분을 다음과 같이 함수로 뽑아낼 수가 있다.
~cpp
double grade(double midterm, double final, double homework)
{
return 0.2 * midterm + 0.4 * final + 0.4 * homework;
}
/* ... */
int main()
{
/* ... */
cout << "Your final grade is " << setprecision(3)
<< grade(midterm, final, sum / count)
<< setprecision(prec) << endl;
return 0;
}
~cpp
return_type function_name(parameter lists...) { 함수 내에서 할 일들 }
이렇게 하면 된다.~cpp
double median(vector<double> vec)
{
typedef vector<double>::size_type vec_sz;
vec_sz size = vec.size();
if (size == 0)
throw domain_error("median of an empty vector.");
sort(vec.begin(), vec.end());
vec_sz mid = size/2;
return size % 2 == 0 ? (vec[mid] + vec[mid-1]) / 2 : vec[mid];
}
~cpp
double grade(double midterm, double final, const vector<double>& hw)
{
if(hw.empty()) // 책에서는 hw.size()==0 이라고 되어 있지만
// empty()메소드를 호출하는 것이 더 효율적이라고 하더군요.
throw domain_error("student has done no homework");
return grade(midterm, final, median(hw));
}
~cpp vector<double> homework; vector<double>& hw = homework; // hw는 homework와 같다. 즉, 이름은 다르지만, hw를 고치면 homework도 같이 고쳐진다. 왜냐? 같으니까
~cpp
istream& read_hw(istream& in, vector<double>& hw)
{
double x;
while(in >> x) // 차차 살펴볼테지만 이건 잘못되었다.
hw.push_back(x);
}
read_hw(cin, homework); // 호출
~cpp
istream& read_hw(istream& in, vector<double>& hw)
{
if(in)
{
hw.clear();
double x;
while(in >> x)
hw.push_back(x);
in.clear();
}
return in;
}
~cpp
try {
// 하다가 예외 발생하면, 중단하고
}
catch(domain_error) {
// 이리로 온다. 만약에 try 안에서 예외 안 뜨면 catch 안은 수행안한다.
}
~cpp
#include <ios>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <stdexcept>
using namespace std;
double grade(double midterm, double final, double homework);
double grade(double midterm, double final, const vector<double>& hw);
double median(vector<double> vec);
istream& read_hw(istream& in, vector<double>& hw);
int main()
{
cout << "Please enter your first name: ";
string name;
cin >> name;
cout << "Hello, " << name << "!";
cout << "Please enter your midterm and final exam grades: ";
double midterm, final;
cin >> midterm >> final;
cout << "Enter all your homework grades, "
"follewd by end-of-file: ";
vector<double> homework;
read_hw(cin, homework);
try
{
double final_grade = grade(midterm, final, homework);
streamsize prec = cout.precision();
cout << "Your final grade is " << setprecision(3)
<< final_grade << setprecision(prec) << endl;
}
catch(domain_error)
{
cout << endl << "You must enter your grades. "
"Please try again." << endl;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
double grade(double midterm, double final, double homework)
{
return 0.2 * midterm + 0.4 * final + 0.4 * homework;
}
double grade(double midterm, double final, const vector<double>& hw)
{
if(hw.size() == 0)
throw domain_error("Student has done no homework");
return grade(midterm, final, median(hw));
}
double median(vector<double> vec)
{
typedef vector<double>::size_type vec_sz;
vec_sz size = vec.size();
if(size == 0)
throw domain_error("median of an empty vector");
sort(vec.begin(),vec.end());
vec_sz mid = size / 2;
return size % 2 == 0 ? (vec[mid] + vec[mid-1]) / 2 : vec[mid];
}
istream& read_hw(istream& in, vector<double>& hw)
{
if(in)
{
hw.clear();
double x;
while(in >> x)
hw.push_back(x);
in.clear();
}
return in;
}
~cpp
struct Student_info {
string name;
double midterm, final;
vector<double> homework;
};
~cpp
istream& read(istream& is, Student_info& s)
{
is >> s.name >> s.midterm >> s.final;
read_hw(is, s.homework);
return is;
}
~cpp
double grade(const Student_info& s)
{
return grade(s.midterm, s.final, s.homework);
}
~cpp sort(vec.begin(), vec.end());
~cpp sort(students.begin(), students.end()); // 과연? #!$%#@^#@$#
~cpp
bool compare(const Student_info& x, const Student_info& y)
{
return x.name < y.name;
}
sort(students.begin(), students.end(), compare);
~cpp #ifndef GURAD #define GUARD /* ... ... ... */ #endif