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논문번역/2012년스터디/김태진


Pattern

  • ...
3. Corpora
/ , Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen corpus . 형태 the Institute of Informatics and Applied Mathe- matics (IAM) 형태 . 한 텍 ,500 1200 . 250 - 형태 , 6 c03 형태 .
, Senior15 . 25페 , .
300dpi using 256 grey-levels , Fig .

4.
(?) "drift"(흐) - 확하 ( ..) . , 2 . IAM , 확하 ??????because the writers were asked to use rulers on a second sheet put below the form and the formulars itself are aligned precisely during scanning.
해, . . 핵 , , 핵 (?) . 한 한 2 (the horizontal density histogram of the binarized handwriting-area) 한 Otsu method . 합한 , .
히 하화 해. 히, , , slant . 화 하 gray-level .
(?) , , , slant . . 한 통했 . 15 regresion? , slant . 화했 consid- ering that only vertical strokes are decisive for slant estima- tion. Canny . slant .
화하 해, . , .

Linear Algebra and its applications


1.7 Linear Independence

Section 1.5 . , Ax=0 .
, (1) .
x1=x2=x3=0 한 해 . Section 1.5 , 한 해 ().
Definition
... 한 해 Rn (linearly independent) . (2) 0 .

(2) 0 v1...vp linear independence relation( ). . 해, {v1,,,vp} v1...vp . .

Linear Independence of Matrix Columns 행
A= . Ax=0 ... . A Ax=0 . .
---
A Ax=0 한 해 . (3)
---

Set of One or Two Vectors
v v 0 . x1v=0 v=0 한 해 . x1*0=0 .
. 3 . Row operation . scalar times(/?) .
---
{v1, v2} . .
---
하학 , . Figure 1 3 .

Set of Two or More Vectors

3 . .

Theorem 7
Characterization of Linearly Dependent Sets

합 S={v1...vp} S (). , S v1=0 vj(j>1) .

: 7 . 패할 . 3 . 4 uv R3(3) 합{u,v,w} 화한. 합 {u,v,w} w u v span(평화) ().
. , 8 .

1.8 Linear Transformations

Ax=b associated(?) x1a1+...+xnan=b . , 행 Ax=b . A Ax x "" .
, ... b x 환하 u 환한 A . Fig1 .
, Ax=b A "" under R2 b 킨 R4 x .
x Ax . 환하 화할 .
Rn Rm 환 T Rm T(x) Rn . 합 Rn T , Rm T . 표 T: Rn -> Rm T Rn Rm . Rn x 해, Rm T(x) x . T(x) T .
- 해하 (that evolve over time) . Chapter5 1.10, 4.8, 4.9 .

Matrix Transformations 행
() . Rn x 해, T(x) A m*n행 Ax . 한 행 x->Ax . T A n Rn, T A m Rm . T A , T(x) Ax .

Linear Transformations
1.4 5 A m*n x->Ax c Rn u,v A(u+v) = Au + Av A(cu)=cAu . .
Definition
환 (or ) T 1,2 .
(i) T u,v T(u+v) = T(u) + T(v)
(ii) T c u T(cu) = cT(u)
. 행 4,5 .
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