Contents
- 1. Present Perfect and Past (νμ¬ μλ£μ κ³Όκ±°)
- 1.1. Unit7. Present Perfect(1) (I have done)
- 1.2. Unit8. Present Perfect(2) (I have done)
- 1.3. Unit9. Present Perfect Continuous (I have been doing)
- 1.4. Unit10. Present Perfect Continuous and Present Perfect Simple (I have been doing and I have done)
- 1.5. Unit11. How long have you (been) ...?
- 1.6. Unit12. For and since, When ...?, and How long ...?
- 1.7. Unit13. Present Perfect and Past (I have done and I did)
- 1.8. Unit14. Past Perfect (I had done)
- 1.9. Unit15. Past Perfect Continuous ( I had been doing )
- 1.10. Unit16. Have and have got
- 1.11. Unit17. Used to (do)
1.1. Unit7. Present Perfect(1) (I have done) ¶
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A. Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his key.(= He lost it and he still doesn't hav it.)
The present perfect : have/has + past participle (have/has + κ³Όκ±°λΆμ¬)
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B. When we use the peresent perfect, there is a connection with now. The action in the past has a result now.
(νμ¬ μλ£λ₯Ό μΈμ μ¬μ©νλλ? νμ¬μ λκ° μ°κ΄ κ΄κ³κ° μμλ.. μ¦ κ³Όκ±°μ μμλ μΌμ΄ νμ¬μ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉ λ. μμ μ΄λ ΅κ΅°..;;)
ex) He told me his name, but I've forgotten it.(I can't remember it now.)
We often use the present perfect to give new information or to announce a recent happening.(μλ‘μ΄ μ 보λ, μ΅κ·Όμ μ¬κ±΄μ 보λν λλ μ°μΈλ΅λλ€.)
ex1) The road is closed. There's been an accident.
ex2) (from the news) The police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.
We also use the simple past some situations.( ... μ΄μ©λΌλ κ±°μΌ..γ
.γ
μΈκ±°λ©΄ νμ€νκ² νκ΅°λ°λ§ μ°λμ§..;;)
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C. We ofte use the present perfect with just, already, and yet. You can also use the simple past.
(λκ° just,already,yetκ³Ό κ°μ΄ νμ¬μλ£λ₯Ό μ°μ§λ§, λ¨μκ³Όκ±°μλ μΈμ μλ¨λ€. μ κΈ°λ--;)
Just = a short time ago.
ex) I've just had lunch. or I just had lunch.
We use already to say that something happened sooner than expected.(μμνλκ²λ³΄λ€ λ 빨리 μ¬κ±΄μ΄ ν°μ‘μλ μ΄λ€)
ex) I've already mailed it. or I already mailed it.
Yet = until now. It shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences.
ex1) Has it stopped raining yet? (simple pastλ κ°λ₯!)
ex2) I wrote the letter, but I haven't mailed it yet. (μμ simple past κ°λ₯)
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D. Don't use the present perfect when you talk about a finished time.(μ΄λ―Έ λλμΌ κ°μ§κ³ νμ¬ μλ£ μ°μ§λ§λλ€. λΉμ°ν μκΈ°)
ex) It snowed last night.(not has snowed)
1.2. Unit8. Present Perfect(2) (I have done) ¶
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A. When we talk about a period of time that continues from the past until now, we use the present perfect.(μμ λμ¨λ§)
ex) Have you ever eaten caviar?
been (to) : visited
ex) I've never been to China. Have you been there?
Here are more examples of speakers talking about a period that continues until now(recently/ in the last few days/ so far/ since breakfast, etc.)
(νμ¬ μλ£μλ μ ꡬ문λ€μ μμ£Ό μ΄λ€λ€μ.)
ex) Everything is going well. We haven't had any problems so far.
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B. We use the present perfect with today/ this morning/ this evening, etc. when these periods are not finished at the time of speaking.(κ·Έλ λμ;;)
ex) Have you had a vacation this year?
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C. We say, "It's the first time something has happened."(present perfect) (μ΄κ±΄ λνμλ 건μ§..;;)
ex) Sarah has lost her passport again. It's the second time this has happened.(not happens)
